Poređenje orbitalnih sistema za lansiranje

Izvor: Vojna Enciklopedija
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Lansirna raketa Falcon Heavy iz kompanije SpaceX.

Ovo poređenje orbitalnih sistema za lansiranje navodi atribute svih pojedinačnih raketnih konfiguracija dizajniranih da dostignu orbitu. Prva lista sadrži rakete koje su operativne ili u razvoju od 2022. godine; druga lista uključuje sve penzionisane rakete. Za jednostavnu listu svih familija konvencionalnih lansera, pogledajte: Poređenje familija orbitalnih lansera. Za listu orbitalnih lansirnih sistema pretežno na čvrsto gorivo, pogledajte: Poređenje orbitalnih sistema za lansiranje na čvrsto gorivo.

Pogon svemirske letelice[Napomena 1] je svaki metod koji se koristi za ubrzanje svemirskih letelica i veštačkih satelita. Konvencionalna raketa na čvrsto gorivo je raketa sa motorom koji koristi čvrsta goriva ( gorivo / oksidator ).[Napomena 2] Orbitalni sistemi za lansiranje su rakete i drugi sistemi koji mogu da postavljaju teret u ili izvan Zemljine orbite. Sve trenutne svemirske letelice koriste konvencionalne hemijske rakete ( bipropelent ili čvrsto gorivo) za lansiranje,[Napomena 3] iako su neki koristili motore koji rade uz pomoć vazduha u svojoj prvoj fazi. [Napomena 4]

Trenutne rakete

Legenda orbite: Šablon:Colbegin

Šablon:Colend

Vozilo Poreklo Proizvođač Masa nosivosti do ... (kg) Orbitalna lansiranja uklj. neuspesi[a] Datum leta
LEO GTO Ostalo Prvi Najnoviji
Alpha  SAD Firefly Aerospace 1.000[1] 630 do SSO 2 2021 2022
Angara A5  Rusija Khrunichev 24.000[2] 5.400 with Briz-M[2]
7.500 with KVTK 		3[3] 2014 2021
Angara 1.2  Rusija Khrunichev 3.500[2] 2.400 do SSO 2[4] 2022 2022
Antares 230 / 230+  SAD Northrop Grumman 8.200[5] 3.000 do SSO[b] 6[6] 2016 2022
Ariane 5 (all variants) Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija EADS Astrium (Arianegroup) 21.000[7] 11,210[8] 115 1996 2022
Atlas V 551  SAD ULA 18.500[9] 8,700 13,550 do SSO
3,960 do GEO 		12[9] 2006 2021
Atlas V N22[c]  SAD ULA 13,000 2 2019[11] 2022
Ceres-1  Kina Galactic Energy 350 270 do SSO 4[12] 2020 2022
Delta IV Heavy  SAD ULA 28.790[13] 14.220 23.560 do polara
11.290 do TLI
8.000 do TMI 		14[14] 2004 2022
Electron  SAD
 Novi Zeland 		Rocket Lab 300[15] 200 do SSO[15] 26[16] 2017 2022
Epsilon  Japan IHI[17] 1.500[18] 590 do SSO 6[19] 2013 2019
Falcon 9 Full Thrust
(partially reusable) 		 SAD SpaceX 16.800+[20] 5,500[21][d] 9,600 to polar[23] [24][25][e] 2015 2022
Falcon 9 Full Thrust
(expended) 		 SAD SpaceX 22.800[21] 8.300[21] 4,020 do TMI [27][28] 2017 2022
Falcon Heavy
(partially reusable)[29] 		 SAD SpaceX 30,000[30]–57,000[31] 8,000[21]–10,000[f] [32][33] 2018 2022
Falcon Heavy
(expended) 		 SAD SpaceX 63,800[34] 26,700[34] 16,800 do TMI[34] 0 – [g]
GSLV Mk II  Indija ISRO 5.000[35] 2.700[36][h] 7[37] 2010 2018

5.100 kg do 500-km Sunčeve sinhrone orbite; 3.300 kg do 800 km

GSLV Mk III  Indija ISRO 10,000[38] 4,000 2,380 do TLI 3[39] 2017[i] 2022[j]
H-IIA 202  Japan Mitsubishi 8,000[42]‍:67 4,000[42]‍:48 5,100 do SSO[k]
[42]‍:64–65 		26[43] 2001 2020
Hyperbola-1  Kina i-Space 300[44] 4[45] 2019[46][l] 2022
Jielong 1[47]  Kina CALT 200 (SSO) 1[47] 2019 2019
Jielong 3  Kina CALT 1.500 (500 km SSO) 1[48] 2022 2022
Kaituozhe-2  Kina CASC 800[49] 1[49] 2017 2017
Kuaizhou 1/1A  Kina ExPace 400[50] 250 do SSO 20 2013[m] 2022
Kuaizhou 11  Kina ExPace 1.500[51] 1.000 do SSO[52] 2 2020 2022
LauncherOne  SAD Virgin Orbit 500[53] 300 do SSO[54] 4 2020 2022
Lijian-1 (ZhongKe-1A)  Kina CAS Space 2.000[55] 1.500[56] do 500 km SSO 1[57] 2022 2022
Long March 2C  Kina CALT 3.850
[traži se izvor] 		1.250 with CTS2 2.000 do SSO with YZ-1S[58] 64[59] 1982 2022
Long March 2D  Kina SAST 4.000 1.150 do SSO 71[59] 1992 2022
Long March 2F  Kina CALT 8.600 19[59] 1999 2022
Long March 3A  Kina CALT 6,000[60] 2,600 5,000 do SSO 27[61] 1994 2018
Long March 3B/E  Kina CALT 11,500[60] 5,500 6,900 do SSO 75[61] 2007 2022
Long March 3C  Kina CALT 9,100[60] 3,800 6,500 do SSO 18[61] 2008 2021
Long March 4B  Kina SAST 4.200[62] 1.500 2.800 do SSO 47[62] 1999 2022
Long March 4C  Kina SAST 4.200[63] 1.500 2.800 do SSO 47[62] 2006 2022
Long March 5  Kina CALT 14.000 [64] 15.000 do SSO[65]
9.400 do TLI[64]
6.000 do TMI[64] 		5[65] 2016 2020
Long March 5B  Kina CALT 25.000[65] 4[65] 2020[66] 2022
Long March 6  Kina SAST 1.080 do SSO[67] 8[68] 2015 2021
Long March 6A  Kina SAST 4.000 do SSO[69] 2[68] 2022 2022
Long March 7  Kina CALT 13.500[70] 5.500 do SSO 6[71] 2016[72] 2022
Long March 7A  Kina CALT 5.500 do 7.000[66] 4[71] 2020 2022
Long March 8  Kina CALT 8.400 2.800 5.000 do SSO 2[73] 2020 2022
Long March 11  Kina CALT 700[74] 350 do SSO 15[75] 2015 2022
Minotaur I  SAD Northrop Grumman 580[76] 12[77] 2000 2021
Minotaur IV  SAD Northrop Grumman 1.735[78] 5[79][n] 2010 2020
Minotaur V  SAD Northrop Grumman 670[79] 465 do HCO 1[79] 2013 2013
Minotaur-C (Taurus)[80]  SAD Northrop Grumman 1.458[81] 1.054 do SSO[o] 10[82] 1994 2017
Nuri (KSLV-II)  Južna Koreja KARI 2.600 1.500 do SSO[83][84] 2[84] 2021 2022
OS-M1  Kina OneSpace 205[85] 143 do SSO 1 2019[86][p] 2019
Pegasus  SAD Northrop Grumman 500[88] 44[88][89] 1990 2019
Proton-M / M+  Rusija Khrunichev 21.600 (M)[90]
23.000 (M+)[91] 		6.150 (M)
6.920 (M+) 		108[92][93][94] 2001 2020
PSLV-CA  Indija ISRO 2.100[95] 1.100 do SSO 14[95] 2007 2019
PSLV-DL  Indija ISRO 1[95] 2019 2021
PSLV-QL  Indija ISRO 2[95] 2019 2019
PSLV-XL  Indija ISRO 3.800[95] 1.300 1.750 do SSO
550 do TMI[96] 		21[95] 2008 2020
Qased  Iran Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) 2 2020 2022
Shavit  Izrael IAI 300[97] 10[98] 1988 2020
Simorgh  Iran Iranian Space Agency 350[99] 2[99][q] 2017 2019
Soyuz-2.1a  Rusija TsSKB-Progress 7.020 from Baikonur[100] 55[101][102][103] 2006[r] 2022
Soyuz-2.1b  Rusija TsSKB-Progress 8.200 from Baikonur[100] 2.400[104] 62[102][105] 2006 2022
Soyuz-2-1v  Rusija TsSKB-Progress 2.800[106] 1.400 do SSO 9[106] 2013 2022
SLS Block 1  SAD NASA / Boeing
Northrop Grumman 		95.000[107] 27,000+ do TLI[108] 1 2022[109] 2022
SS-520  Japan IHI Aerospace 4[110] 2[111] 2017[112][s] 2018
SSLV  Indija ISRO 500[113] 300 do SSO 1[114] 2022 2022
Unha  Severna Koreja KCST 100[115] 4[116] 2009[t] 2016
Vega Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija ESA / ASI 1.500[u][117] 1.330 do SSO[118] 15[119] 2012 2020
Vega C Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija ESA / ASI 2.200[u][120] 2[121] 2022 2022
Zhuque-2  Kina LandSpace 4,000[122] 2,000 do SSO 1 2022[123] 2022
  1. ↑ Suborbitalni testovi leta i eksplozije na podlozi su isključeni, ali su uključena lansiranja koja ne uspeju na putu do orbite.
  2. ↑ Referentna visina 500 km
  3. ↑ za Starliner[10]
  4. ↑ Korisna nosivost GTO-a je 5.550 kg kada se u prvoj fazi smanji domet (ASDS). Smanjenje tereta na 3.500 kg ako se prvi stepen vrati na mesto lansiranja (RTLS).[22]
  5. ↑ Pored toga, jedna raketa je eksplodirala na lansirnoj rampi 2016.[26]
  6. ↑ Korisna nosivost GTO-a je 8.000 kg kada se jezgro prvog stepena pojačivača spusti niz domet (ASDS), a bočni pojačivači se vrate na mesto lansiranja (RTLS). Povećano na 10.000 kg ako su svi busteri uključeni.[22]
  7. ↑ Od 2022. Falcon Heavi je leteo samo u konfiguraciji koja se delimično može ponovo koristiti; potpuno potrošna konfiguracija se smatra operativnom u smislu da je to pojednostavljena verzija konfiguracije za višekratnu upotrebu.
  8. ↑ GTO nosivost sa poboljšanim motorima, od GSLV verzije 2A[37]
  9. ↑ Suborbitalni probni let obavljen je 2014. godine (označen LVM-3 / CARE) bez kriogene gornje faze (CUS).[40]
  10. ↑ LVM3 M2 / OneWeb India-1 Mission.[41]
  11. ↑ 5.100 kg do 500-km Sunčeve sinhrone orbite; 3.300 kg do 800 km[42]‍:64–65
  12. ↑ Suborbitalni probni let obavljen je u aprilu 2018.[44]
  13. ↑ Suborbitalni probni let obavljen je u martu 2012.[50]
  14. ↑ Pored toga, sprovedene su dve suborbitalne misije 2010. i 2011.[79]
  15. ↑ Referentna visina 400 km
  16. ↑ Suborbitalni probni let obavljen je u maju 2018.[87]
  17. ↑ Suborbitalni probni let je uspeo 2016; oba orbitalna leta 2017. i 2019. nisu uspela.[99]
  18. ↑ Suborbitalni probni let 2004, bez gornjeg stepena Fregata.[101]
  19. ↑ Prethodna verzija SS-520 letela je dva puta kao suborbitalna sondažna raketa 1998. i 2000. U 2017. dodatak malog trećeg stepena omogućio je orbitalna lansiranja ultralakih nano ili pikosatelita.[110]
  20. ↑ Suborbitalni probni let nije uspeo 2006. Prve dve orbitalne misije su neuspešne 2009. i 2012. godine, a raketa je konačno stigla u orbitu krajem 2012.[116]
  21. ↑ 21,0 21,1 Referentna visina 700 km

Predstojeće rakete

Vozilo Poreklo Proizvođač Masa nosivosti do ... (kg) Datum prvog leta
LEO GTO Ostalo
Agnibaan  Indija AgniKul Cosmos 100 2023[124]
Amur  Rusija 10.500[125] 2026[125]
Antares 330  SAD Northrop Grumman
Firefly Aerospace[a] 		> 8.000[126] TBA
Ariane 6 A62 Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija ArianeGroup 10,350[127]‍:45 5,000[127]‍:33 6,450 do SSO
3,000 do HEO
3,000 do TLI [127]‍:40–49 		2023[128]
Ariane 6 A64 Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija ArianeGroup 21,650[127]‍:46 11,500+ [127]‍:33 14,900 do SSO
5,000 do GEO
8,400 do HEO
8,500 do TLI [127]‍:40–49 		2023
Beta  SAD
 Ukrajina 		Firefly Aerospace 8.000[129] TBA 5.800 do SSO TBA
Bloostar  Španija Zero 2 Infinity 140[130] 75 do SSO[130] TBA
Blue Whale 1  Južna Koreja Perigee Aerospace 63[131] 50 do SSO TBA
Cyclone-4M  Ukrajina Yuzhnoye
Yuzhmash 		5.000[132] 1.000[133] 3.350 do SSO[132] 2025[134]
DNLV  Malezija Independence-X Aerospace 200 2025[135]
Eris  Australija
 Singapur 		Gilmour Space Technologies 305[136] 2023[137]
H3  Japan Mitsubishi 4.000[138] 6.500[139] 4.000 do SSO[140] 2023[141]
Hyperbola-2  Kina i-Space 2,000[44] 2023[56]
Kuaizhou 21  Kina ExPace 20,000[142] 2025[52]
Long March 9  Kina CALT 150,000[143] 66,000[144] 53,000 do TLI[143]
40,000 do TMI[145] 		2030[146]
Miura 5  Španija PLD Space 900 450 do SSO 2024[147]
Neutron  SAD
 Novi Zeland 		Rocket Lab 8.000 2024[148]
New Glenn  SAD Blue Origin 45,000[149] 13,000 2023[150]
New Line 1
(partially reusable)[151] 		 Kina LinkSpace 200 do SSO[151] TBA
OS-M2  Kina OneSpace 390[85] 292 do SSO TBA
Qaem-100  Iran Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps 80[152] TBA
Prime  Velika Britanija Orbex 220[153] 150 do SSO[b][154] 2023[155]
Ravn X  SAD Aevum 100[156] TBA
RFA One  Nemačka Rocket Factory Augsburg AG 1,600[157] 450[157] 2023[158]
RS1  SAD ABL Space Systems 1.350[159] 400 1.000 do SSO
750 do MEO 		2023[160]
Skyrora XL  SAD Skyrora 335[161] 315 do SSO[161] 2023[162]
Soyuz-5 / Irtysh  Rusija TsSKB-Progress
RSC Energia 		18,000[163] 2,500 do GEO 2023
SLS Block 1B[c]  SAD NASA / Boeing
Northrop Grumman 		105,000[164] 37,000 do TLI[165] 2027[166]
SLS Block 2[d]  SAD NASA / Boeing
Northrop Grumman 		130,000[167] 45,000 do HCO[165] late 2020s (TBD)
Spectrum  Nemačka Isar Aerospace 1,000[168] 700 do SSO[168] 2023[158]
Starship[169]
(Single launch) 		 SAD SpaceX 100,000+[169][Napomena 5] 21,000[170] 2023 (orbital) [171]
Starship[169]
(Additional refuelling launches) 		 SAD SpaceX 100,000+[169][Napomena 6] 100,000+
[169] 		100,000+do površine Marsa[169]
100,000+ do površine Meseca[169] 		2023 (TBD)[172]
Terran 1  SAD Relativity Space 1.250[173] 900 do SSO 2023
Terran R  SAD Relativity Space 20,000[173] 2024[173]
Vega E Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija ESA / ASI 3.000[174] 2025[175]
Vikram 1[176]  Indija Skyroot Aerospace[177] 315 do 45º inclination 500 km LEO 200 do 500 km SSPO 2023[178]
Vikram 2[176]  Indija Skyroot Aerospace 520 do 45º inclination 500 km LEO 410 do 500 km SSPO TBA
Vikram 3[176]  Indija Skyroot Aerospace 720 do 45º inclination 500 km LEO 580 do 500 km SSPO TBA
Vulcan / Centaur  SAD ULA 27.200[179] 14.400[179] 7,200 do GEO[179]
12,100 do TLI 		2023[180]
Yenisei[181]  Rusija TsSKB-Progress
RSC Energia 		88,000 – 115,000[182] 27,000 do TLI[183][184][185] 2028[184]
Zero  Japan Interstellar Technologies 100 do SSO[b][186] 2023[187]
Zuljanah  Iran Iranian Space Agency 220[188] TBA
921 rocket  Kina CALT 25,000 do TLI[189] 2025[146]
  1. ↑ obezbeđuje prvi stepen, uključujući motore
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Referentna visina 500 km
  3. ↑ sa EUS
  4. ↑ sa EUS i
    naprednim pojačivačima

Penzionisane rakete

Vozilo Poreklo Proizvođač Masa do ... (kg) Lansira
(+ suborbitalno) 		Datum leta
LEO GTO Ostalo Prvi Zadnji
Antares 110–130  SAD Orbital 5.100[5] 1.500 do SSO 5[5] 2013 2014
Ariane 1 Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija Aérospatiale 1.830[190] 11[190] 1979 1986
Ariane 2 Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija Aérospatiale 2.270[190] 6[190] 1986 1989
Ariane 3 Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija Aérospatiale 2.650[190] 11[190] 1984 1989
Ariane 4 40 Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija Aérospatiale 4.600[190] 2.105 2.740 do SSO 7[190] 1990 1999
Ariane 4 42L Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija Aérospatiale 7.000[190] 3.480 4.500 do SSO 13[190] 1993 2002
Ariane 4 42P Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija Aérospatiale 6.000[190] 2.930 3.400 do SSO 15[190] 1990 2002
Ariane 4 44L Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija Aérospatiale 7.000[190] 4.720 6.000 do SSO 40[190] 1989 2003
Ariane 4 44LP Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija Aérospatiale 7.000[190] 4.220 5.000 do SSO 26[190] 1988 2001
Ariane 4 44P Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija Aérospatiale 6.500[190] 3.465 4.100 do SSO 15[190] 1991 2001
Ariane 5 G Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija EADS Astrium 18.000[191] 6.900[191] 16[191] 1996 2003
Ariane 5 G+ Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija EADS Astrium 7.100[191] 3[191] 2004 2004
Ariane 5 GS Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija EADS Astrium 16.000[192] 6.600[191] 6[191] 2005 2009[193]
Ariane 5 ES Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija EADS Astrium 21.000[7] 8.000[191] 8[191] 2008 2018
ASLV  Indija ISRO[194] 150[195] 4[195] 1987 1994
Athena I  SAD Lockheed Martin 795[196] 515 4[197] 1995 2001
Athena II  SAD Lockheed Martin 1.800[198] 3[199] 1998 1999[200]
Atlas-Centaur  SAD Lockheed 1.134[201] 2.222[202] 148 1962 1983
Atlas G  SAD Lockheed 5.900[203] 2.222 1,179 do HCO[203] 7[203] 1984 1989
Atlas H/MSD  SAD Lockheed 3.630[204] 5 1983 1987
Atlas I  SAD Lockheed Martin 5.900[203] 2.340[203] 11[203] 1990 1997
Atlas II  SAD Lockheed Martin 6.780[203] 2.810 2,000 do HCO[203] 10[203] 1991 1998
Atlas IIA  SAD Lockheed Martin 7.316[203] 3.180 2,160 do HCO[203] 23[203] 1992 2002
Atlas IIAS  SAD Lockheed Martin 8.618[203] 3.833 2,680 do HCO[203] 30[203] 1993 2004
Atlas IIIA  SAD Lockheed Martin 8.686[203] 4.060 2,970 do HCO[203] 2[203] 2000 2004
Atlas IIIB/DEC  SAD Lockheed Martin 10.759[203] 4.609[203] 1[203] 2002 2002
Atlas IIIB/SEC  SAD Lockheed Martin 10.218[205] 4.193[203] 3[203] 2003 2005
Atlas V 401  SAD ULA 9.050[9] 4,950 6,670 do SSO 41[9] 2002 2022
Atlas V 411  SAD ULA 9.050[9] 6,075 8,495 do SSO 6[9] 2006 2020
Atlas V 421  SAD ULA 9.050[9] 7,000 9,050 do SSO 9[9] 2007 2022
Atlas V 431  SAD ULA 9.050[9] 7,800 9,050 do SSO 3[9] 2005 2016
Atlas V 501  SAD ULA 8.250[9] 3,970 5,945 do SSO
1,500 do GEO 		7[9] 2010 2020
Atlas V 511  SAD ULA 11,000[9] 5,250 7,820 do SSO
1,750 do GEO 		1[206] 2022 2022
Atlas V 521  SAD ULA 13.300[9] 6,485 9,585 do SSO
2,760 do GEO 		2[9] 2003 2004
Atlas V 531  SAD ULA 15.300[9] 7,425 11,160 do SSO
3,250 do GEO 		5[9] 2010 2022
Atlas V 541  SAD ULA 17.100[9] 8,240 12,435 do SSO
3,730 do GEO 		9[9] 2011 2022
Black Arrow  Velika Britanija RAE 73[207] 2 (+2) 1969[a] 1971
Commercial Titan III  SAD Martin Marietta 13.100[208] 4 1990 1992
Delta 0300  SAD McDonnell Douglas 340[209] 747 do SSO[210] 3[211] 1972 1973[212]
Delta 0900  SAD McDonnell Douglas 1.300[213] 818 do SSO[211] 2[211] 1972 1972
Delta 1410  SAD McDonnell Douglas 340[214] 1[211] 1975 1975
Delta 1604  SAD McDonnell Douglas 390[215] 2[211] 1972 1973
Delta 1900  SAD McDonnell Douglas 1.800[211] 1[211] 1973 1973
Delta 1910  SAD McDonnell Douglas 1.066[216] 1[211] 1975 1975
Delta 1913  SAD McDonnell Douglas 328[217] 1[211] 1973 1973
Delta 1914  SAD McDonnell Douglas 680[218] 2[211] 1972 1973
Delta 2310  SAD McDonnell Douglas 336[219] 3[211] 1974 1981
Delta 2313  SAD McDonnell Douglas 243 do GEO[220] 3[211] 1974 1977
Delta 2910  SAD McDonnell Douglas 1.887[211] 6[211] 1975 1978
Delta 2913  SAD McDonnell Douglas 2.000[221] 700[221] 6[211] 1975 1976
Delta 2914  SAD McDonnell Douglas 724[211] 30[211] 1974 1979
Delta 3910  SAD McDonnell Douglas 2.494[211] 1.154 with PAM-D 10[211] 1980 1988
Delta 3913  SAD McDonnell Douglas 816[222] 1[211] 1981 1981
Delta 3914  SAD McDonnell Douglas 954[211] 13[211] 1975 1987
Delta 3920  SAD McDonnell Douglas 3.452[211] 1.284 with PAM-D 10[211] 1982 1989
Delta 3924  SAD McDonnell Douglas 1.104[211] 4[211] 1982 1984
Delta 4925  SAD McDonnell Douglas 3.400[223] 1.312[211] 2[211] 1989 1990
Delta 5920  SAD McDonnell Douglas 3.848[224] 1[211] 1989 1989
Delta II 6920  SAD McDonnell Douglas 3.983[211] 3[211] 1990 1992
Delta II 6925  SAD McDonnell Douglas 1.447[211] 14[211] 1989 1992
Delta II 7320  SAD Boeing IDS / ULA 2.865[211] 1.651 do SSO 12[211] 1999 2015
Delta II 7326  SAD Boeing IDS 934[211] 636 do TLI
629 do HCO 		3[211] 1998 2001
Delta II 7420  SAD ULA 3.185[211] 1.966 do SSO 14[211] 1998 2018
Delta II 7425  SAD Boeing IDS 1.100[211] 804 do HCO 4[211] 1998 2002
Delta II 7426  SAD Boeing IDS 1.058[211] 734 do TLI
711 do HCO 		1[211] 1999 1999
Delta II 7920  SAD Boeing IDS / ULA 5.030[211] 3.123 do SSO 29[211] 1998 2017
Delta II 7925  SAD Boeing IDS / ULA 1.819[211] 1,177 do TLI
1,265 do HCO 		69[211] 1990 2009
Delta II-H 7920H  SAD Boeing IDS / ULA 6.097[211] 3[211] 2003 2011
Delta II-H 7925H  SAD Boeing IDS / ULA 2.171 1,508 do HCO[211] 3[211] 2003 2007
Delta III 8930  SAD Boeing IDS 8.292[211] 3.810 3[211] 1998 2000
Delta IV M  SAD Boeing IDS 9.440[13] 4.440 7.690 do polar 3[14] 2003 2006
Delta IV M+(4,2)  SAD ULA 13.140[13] 6.390 10.250 do polar 14[14] 2002 2019
Delta IV M+(5,2)  SAD ULA 11.470[13] 5.490 9.600 do polar 3[14] 2012 2018
Delta IV M+(5,4)  SAD ULA 14.140[13] 7.300 11.600 do polar 8[14] 2009 2019
Diamant  Francuska SEREB 107[225][226] 12 1965 1975
Dnepr  Ukrajina Yuzhmash 3.700[227] 22[227] 1999 2015[228]
Energia[b]  SSSR NPO Energia 100.000[229] 20.000 do GEO[229]
32,000 do TLI[229] 		1 (failed to orbit)[230] 1987 1987
Energia-Buran  SSSR NPO Energia (Launcher)
NPO Molniya (Orbiter) 		30.000[229][c] 1 1988 1988
Falcon 1  SAD SpaceX 470[231] 5[231] 2006 2009
Falcon 9 v1.0  SAD SpaceX 10,450[232] 4,540[232] 5[233] 2010 2013
Falcon 9 v1.1  SAD SpaceX 13,150[234][d] 4,850[234] 15[233] 2013 2016
Feng Bao 1  Kina Shanghai Bureau No.2 2,500[235] 8 (+3)[236] 1972 1981
GSLV Mk.I(a)  Indija ISRO 5.000[35] 1.540[237] 1[237] 2001 2001
GSLV Mk.I(b)  Indija ISRO 5.000[35] 2.150[237] 4[237] 2003 2007
GSLV Mk.I(c)  Indija ISRO 5.000[35] 1[237] 2010 2010
H-I  Japan
 SAD 		Mitsubishi 1.400[238] 9 1986 1992
H-II / IIS  Japan Mitsubishi 10.060[239] 4.000[240] 7[240] 1994 1999
H-IIA 204  Japan Mitsubishi 5,950[42]‍:48 5[43] 2006 2021
H-IIA 2022  Japan Mitsubishi 4.500[43] 3[43] 2005 2007
H-IIA 2024  Japan Mitsubishi 11.000[241] 5.000[43] 7[43] 2002 2008
H-IIB  Japan Mitsubishi 16,500 (ISS)[139] 8,000 8[242] 2009 2020
J-I  Japan Nissan Motors[243] 1.000[244] 0 (+1) 1996 1996
Kaituozhe-1  Kina CALT 100[245] 2 2002 2003
Kosmos-3M  SSSR
 Rusija 		NPO Polyot 1.500[246] 442[247] 1967 2010
Lambda 4S  Japan Nissan Motors[243] 26[248] 5 1966 1970
Long March 1  Kina CALT 300[249] 2[250] 1970 1971
Long March 1D  Kina CALT 740[251] 0 (+3)[250] 1995[e] 2002
Long March 2A  Kina CALT 2.000[252] 4[59] 1974 1978
Long March 2E  Kina CALT 9.200[59] 7[59] 1990 1995
Long March 3  Kina CALT 5.000[61] 13[61] 1984 2000
Long March 3B  Kina CALT 11,200[60] 5,100 5,700 do SSO 12[61] 1996 2012
Long March 4A  Kina CALT 4.000 2[62] 1988 1990
M-V  Japan Nissan Motors[243] (1997–2000)
IHI Aerospace[17] (2000–2006) 		1.850[248] 7 1997 2006
Molniya  SSSR RSC Energia 1.800[253] 40[254] 1960 1967
Molniya-M  SSSR
 Rusija 		RSC Energia 2.400[255] 280[256] 1965 2010
Mu-3C  Japan Nissan Motors[243] 195[248] 4 1974 1979
Mu-3H  Japan Nissan Motors[243] 300[248] 3 1977 1978
Mu-3S  Japan Nissan Motors[243] 300[248] 4 1980 1984
Mu-3SII  Japan Nissan Motors[243] 770[248] 8 1985 1995
Mu-4S  Japan Nissan Motors[243] 180[248] 4 1971 1972
N1  SSSR NPO Energia 95.000[257][258][259][f] 4[260] (never reached orbit) 1969 1972
N-I  Japan
 SAD 		Mitsubishi 1.200[261] 7 1975 1982
N-II  Japan
 SAD 		Mitsubishi 2.000[262] 8 1981 1987
Naro-1  Južna Koreja
 Rusija 		KARI/Khrunichev 100[263] 3 2009 2013
NOTS-EV-1 Pilot  SAD United States Navy 105[264] 10 1958 1958
Paektusan  Severna Koreja KCST 700[265] 0 (+1) 1998 1998
Polyot  SSSR RSC Energia 1.400 2 1963 1964
Proton-K  SSSR
 Rusija 		Khrunichev 19.760[266] 4.930[267] 311[268] 1965 2012
PSLV-G  Indija ISRO 3.200[95] 1.050 1.600 do SSO 12[95] 1993 2016[269]
Rocket 3  SAD Astra 100[270] 150 do SSO 7[271] 2020[270] 2022
Rokot  Rusija Khrunichev 1.950[272] 1.200 do SSO 34[272] 1990 2019
Safir  Iran Iranian Space Agency 65[273] 7[273][g] 2008 2019
Saturn I  SAD Chrysler (S-I)
Douglas (S-IV) 		9.000[274] 10[275] 1961 1965[275]
Saturn IB  SAD Chrysler (S-IB)
Douglas (S-IVB) 		18.600[276] 9[277] 1966 1975
Saturn V  SAD Boeing (S-IC)
North American (S-II)
Douglas (S-IVB) 		140.000[278][279] 47.000 do TLI[280] 13[281][282][h] 1967 1973
Scout  SAD US Air Force/NASA 174[283] 125 1961 1994
Shtil'  Rusija Makeyev 280–420[284] 2[285] 1998 2006
SLV  Indija ISRO 40[286] 4[286] 1979 1983[286]
Soyuz  SSSR RSC Energia 6.450 31[287] 1966 1976
Soyuz-FG  Rusija TsSKB-Progress 6.900[288] 70[102][289] 2001 2019
Soyuz-L  SSSR RSC Energia 5.500 3[290] 1970 1971
Soyuz-M  SSSR RSC Energia 6.600 8[291] 1971 1976
Soyuz ST-A  Rusija
Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija 		TsSKB-Progress
Arianespace 		7.800 from Kourou[292] 2.810 with Fregat[293] 9[102] 2011 2021
Soyuz ST-B  Rusija
Šablon:Podaci o zastavi Evropska Unija 		TsSKB-Progress
Arianespace 		9.000 from Kourou[294] 3.250 with Fregat[293] 4.400 do SSO[295] 18[102] 2011 2022
Soyuz-U  SSSR
 Rusija 		TsSKB-Progress 6.650 from Baikonour[296]
6.150 from Plesetsk[296] 		786[102][103][297] 1973 2017
Soyuz-U2  SSSR
 Rusija 		TsSKB-Progress 7.050 72[298] 1982 1995
Space Shuttle  SAD ATK (SRBs)
Martin Marietta (External tank)
Rockwell (Orbiter) 		24.400[c]
3.550 to escape with IUS[299] 135[301] 1981 2011
Sputnik 8K71PS  SSSR RSC Energia 500[302] 2 1957 1957
Sputnik 8A91  SSSR RSC Energia 1.327 2 1958 1958
Start-1  Rusija MITT 532 350 do SSO[303] 5[304] 1993 2006
Strela  Rusija Khrunichev 1.400[305] 3[306] 2003 2014
Titan II GLV  SAD Martin Marietta 3.600[307] 11 (+1) 1964 1966
Titan II(23)G  SAD Martin Marietta 3.600[308] 13 1988 2003
Titan IIIA  SAD Martin Marietta 3.100[309] 4 1964 1965
Titan IIIB  SAD Martin Marietta 3.000[310] 70 1966 1987
Titan IIIC  SAD Martin Marietta 13.100[311] 36 1965 1982
Titan IIID  SAD Martin Marietta 12.300[312] 22 1971 1982
Titan IIIE  SAD Martin Marietta 15.400[313] 7 1974 1977
Titan 34D  SAD Martin Marietta 4.515[314] 15 1982 1989
Titan IVA  SAD Martin Marietta 17.110[315] 4,944 with IUS
  • 14,090 do SSO[315]
  • 4,536 do GSO with Centaur
  • 3,550 to escape with IUS
 22[316] 1989 1998
Titan IVB  SAD Lockheed Martin 21,682[317] 5,761[317]
(9,000 with upper stage) 		17[316] 1997 2005
Tsyklon-2A  SSSR Yuzhmash 3.350[318] 8[319] 1967 1969
Tsyklon-2  SSSR
 Ukrajina 		Yuzhmash 2.820[320] 106[321] 1969 2006[321]
Tsyklon-3  SSSR
 Ukrajina 		Yuzhmash 1.920[322] 122[323] 1977 2009[323]
Vanguard  SAD Martin 9[324] 11 (+1) 1957 1959
VLS-1  Brazil AEB, IAE 380[325] 2[i] (never reached orbit) 1997 2003
Volna  Rusija Makeyev 100[326] 1 (+5)[285] 1995[j] 2005[285]
Voskhod  SSSR RSC Energia 6.000[327] 306 1963 1976
Vostok-L  SSSR RSC Energia 390 do TLI[328] 4 1960 1960
Vostok-K  SSSR RSC Energia 2.460[329] 16 1960 1964
Vostok-2  SSSR RSC Energia 4.730[329] 45 1962 1967
Vostok-2M  SSSR RSC Energia 1.300[330] 93 1964 1991
Soyuz/Vostok  SSSR RSC Energia 6.000[331] 2 1965 1966
Zenit-2  SSSR
 Ukrajina 		Yuzhnoye 13.740[332] 36[333] 1985 2004[334]
Zenit-2M / 2SLB  Ukrajina Yuzhnoye 13.920[332] 2[333] 2007 2011
Zenit-3F  Ukrajina Yuzhnoye 1.740 do GEO[335] 4[336] 2011 2017
Zenit-3SL  Ukrajina Yuzhmash
RSC Energia 		7.000[336] 6.160 36[336] 1999 2014
Zenit-3SLB / 3M  Ukrajina Yuzhmash
RSC Energia 		3.750[336] 6[336] 2008 2013
Zhuque-1  Kina LandSpace 300[337] 200 do SSO 1[338] 2018[338] 2018
  1. ↑ Prvi suborbitalni test 1969, prvi pokušaj lansiranja u orbitu 1970
  2. ↑ Bez Burana, uz pretpostavku da nosivost obezbeđuje orbitalno ubacivanje
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Američki sistem za transport spejs šatla i sovjetski Energia-Buran sastoje se od raketa lansirnih vozila i orbitera svemirskog aviona. Ovde navedene vrednosti korisnog tereta odnose se na masu korisnog tereta u tovarnom prostoru svemirskih aviona, isključujući masu samih svemirskih aviona.
  4. ↑ Veb lokacija SpaceX navodi da nosivost F9 za LEO iznosi 13.150 kg. Nosivost za GTO je navedena kao 4.850 kg. Međutim, SpaceX je naveo da ovi brojevi uključuju marginu od 30% da bi se prilagodila mogućnost ponovne upotrebe.
  5. ↑ Suborbitalni probni letovi 1995, 1997. i 2002. godine, nije bilo pokušaja orbitalnog lansiranja
  6. ↑ Raketa N1 je prvobitno bila projektovana za 75 t LEO kapaciteta i pokušaji lansiranja su napravljeni sa ovom verzijom, ali su postojale studije za povećanje nosivosti na 90–95 t, ako bi se mogao razviti motor gornjeg stepena tečnog vodonika.
  7. ↑ Pored toga, dve rakete su eksplodirale na lansirnoj rampi, jedna 2012. i jedna 2019.[273]
  8. ↑ Saturn V je izvršio 13 lansiranja, od kojih je 12 dostiglo ispravne orbite, a drugo (Apollo 6) je dostiglo drugačiju orbitu od one koja je bila planirana; međutim, neki ciljevi misije još uvek bi mogli da budu ispunjeni; NASA, Saturn V News Reference, Appendix: Saturn V Flight History (1968) Archived 2011-05-17 at the Wayback Machine.. Za više informacija pogledajte članak Saturn V. Rekord lansiranja Saturna V obično se navodi kao da nikada nije zakazao, npr. „Raketu je dizajnirao Verner fon Braun i nije propala ni u jednom od svojih letova“, Alan Lori i Robert Godvin; Saturn, ali lansiranje Apola 6 treba smatrati delimičnim neuspehom misije. 13. lansiranje Saturna V bilo je u specijalnoj konfiguraciji (SA-513) sa Skylab.
  9. ↑ Treća raketa je eksplodirala pre lansiranja.
  10. ↑ Prvi pokušaj lansiranja u orbitu 2005

Vidi još

Šablon:Colbegin

Šablon:Colend

Napomene

  1. ↑ Postoji mnogo različitih metoda. Svaka metoda ima nedostatke i prednosti, a pogon svemirskih letelica je aktivna oblast istraživanja. Međutim, većina svemirskih letelica danas se pokreće potiskivanjem gasa iz zadnjeg dela vozila veoma velikom brzinom kroz supersoničnu de Lavalovu mlaznicu. Ova vrsta motora se zove raketni motor.
  2. ↑ Prve srednjovekovne rakete bile su rakete na čvrsto gorivo koje su pokretane barutom; koristili su ih Kinezi, Indijci, Mongoli i Arapi, u ratovanju još u 13. veku.
  3. ↑ Kao što su raketa Pegaz i SpaceShipOne.
  4. ↑ Većina satelita ima jednostavne pouzdane hemijske potisnike (često rakete sa jednim stepenom) ili otporne rakete za održavanje orbitalne stanice i za kretanje za kontrolu položaja. Sateliti sovjetskog bloka decenijama koriste električni pogon, a novije zapadne geo-orbitalne svemirske letelice počinju da ih koriste za održavanje stanica sever-jug i podizanje satelita u više slojeve orbite. Međuplanetarna vozila uglavnom koriste i hemijske rakete, iako je nekoliko njih koristilo jonske potisnike i potisnike sa Holovim efektom (dva različita tipa električnog pogona).
  5. ↑ Elon Musk [elonmusk] (31 March 2020). „Mass of initial SN ships will be a little high & Isp a little low, but, over time, it will be ~150t to LEO fully reusable” (tvit) — preko Твитер-a. 
  6. ↑ Elon Musk [elonmusk] (31 March 2020). „Mass of initial SN ships will be a little high & Isp a little low, but, over time, it will be ~150t to LEO fully reusable” (tvit) — preko Твитер-a. 

Reference

  1. ↑ „Firefly Alpha”. Firefly Aerospace. Pristupljeno 29 October 2019. 
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 „Angara Launch Vehicle Family”. Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 24. 12. 2014. Pristupljeno 2 September 2018. 
  3. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. „Angara Family”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 31 December 2021. 
  4. ↑ Mooney, Justin (2022-04-30). „Russia launches first orbital Angara 1.2 rocket with military payload”. NASASpaceFlight.com (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2022-08-12. 
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 Krebs, Gunter. „Antares (Taurus-2)”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 1 December 2019. 
  6. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. „Antares 230”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 20 November 2019. 
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 „Ariane 5 Users Manual” (PDF). Issue 4. Arianespace. str. 39 (ISS orbit). Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) na datum 27 September 2007. Pristupljeno 13 November 2007. 
  8. ↑ „Ariane 5 sets new record on latest launch”. ESA. 24 October 2021. Pristupljeno 25 October 2021. 
  9. ↑ 9,00 9,01 9,02 9,03 9,04 9,05 9,06 9,07 9,08 9,09 9,10 9,11 9,12 9,13 9,14 9,15 9,16 9,17 9,18 Krebs, Gunter. „Atlas-5”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 29 July 2022. 
  10. ↑ Egan, Barbara [barbegan13] (October 15, 2016). „We are calling the config N22. No payload fairing with the Starliner on board” (tvit) — preko Твитер-a. 
  11. ↑ Roulette, Joey (22 December 2019). „'Bull's-eye' landing in New Mexico for Boeing's Starliner astronaut capsule”. Reuters. Pristupljeno 22 December 2019. 
  12. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. „Ceres-1”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 6 February 2022. 
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 „Delta IV Launch Services User's Guide, June 2013” (PDF). United Launch Alliance. June 2013. str. 2—10. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) na datum 10. 07. 2014. Pristupljeno 9 October 2017. 
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 14,3 14,4 Krebs, Gunter. „Delta-4”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 17 March 2019. 
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 „Rocket Lab Increases Electron Payload Capacity, Enabling Interplanetary Missions and Reusability”. Rocket Lab (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2020-08-04. 
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  19. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. „Epsilon”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 18 January 2019. 
  20. ↑ Mogg, Trevor (May 24, 2019). „SpaceX joins internet-from-space race with launch of 60 Starlink satellites”. www.digitaltrends.com. 
  21. ↑ 21,0 21,1 21,2 21,3 „Capabilities & Services”. SpaceX. Pristupljeno 5 April 2017. 
  22. ↑ 22,0 22,1 Koenigsmann, Hans (3 October 2018). SpaceX performance tiers to GTO. IAC 2018. Pristupljeno 23 October 2018. 
  23. ↑ de Selding, Peter B. (June 15, 2016). „Iridium's SpaceX launch slowed by Vandenberg bottleneck”. SpaceNews. Pristupljeno June 21, 2016. 
  24. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. „Falcon-9 v1.2 (Falcon-9FT)”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 19 November 2018. 
  25. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. „Falcon-9 v1.2 (Block 5) (Falcon-9FT (Block 5))”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 20 November 2019. 
  26. ↑ Malik, Tariq (1 September 2016). „Launchpad Explosion Destroys SpaceX Falcon 9 Rocket, Satellite in Florida”. Space.com. Pristupljeno 1 September 2016. 
  27. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. „Falcon-9 v1.2(ex) (Falcon-9FT(ex))”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 29 June 2018. 
  28. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. „Falcon-9 v1.2 (Block 5)(ex) (Falcon-9FT (Block 5)(ex))”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 10 August 2019. 
  29. ↑ Either 2 or 3 boosters recoverable
  30. ↑ Šablon:Cite video
  31. ↑ Elon Musk [elonmusk] (12 February 2018). „Side boosters landing on droneships & center expended is only ~10% performance penalty vs fully expended. Cost is only slightly higher than an expended F9, so around $95M.” (tvit) — preko Твитер-a. 
  32. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. „Falcon-Heavy”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 15 April 2019. 
  33. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. „Falcon-Heavy (Block 5)”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 15 July 2019. 
  34. ↑ 34,0 34,1 34,2 „SpaceX”. SpaceX (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2020-08-29. 
  35. ↑ 35,0 35,1 35,2 35,3 „Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)”. ISRO. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 21. 06. 2019. Pristupljeno August 31, 2018. 
  36. ↑ Subramanian, T.S. (14 September 2018). „ISRO developing vehicle to launch small satellites”. Frontline. Pristupljeno 29 August 2018. 
  37. ↑ 37,0 37,1 Krebs, Gunter. „GSLV”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 19 December 2018. 
  38. ↑ „GSLV MkIII-M1 Successfully Launches Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft - ISRO”. www.isro.gov.in. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 12. 12. 2019. Pristupljeno 2019-12-01. 
  39. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. „GSLV Mk.3 (LVM-3)”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 10 August 2019. 
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  41. ↑ „LVM3 M2 / OneWeb India-1 Mission”. ISRO. 23 October 2022. Pristupljeno 23 October 2022. 
  42. ↑ 42,0 42,1 42,2 42,3 42,4 „H-IIA – User's Manual” (PDF). 4.0. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, MHI Launch Services. February 2015. YET04001. Pristupljeno 4 September 2018. 
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  44. ↑ 44,0 44,1 44,2 Jones, Andrew (15 May 2018). „Chinese commercial launch sector nears takeoff with suborbital rocket test”. SpaceNews. Pristupljeno 16 August 2018. 
  45. ↑ „Chinese rocket company suffers third consecutive launch failure”. SpaceNews (na jeziku: engleski). 2022-05-13. Pristupljeno 2022-05-13. 
  46. ↑ Huang, Echo (25 July 2019). „A private Chinese space firm successfully launched a rocket into orbit”. Quartz. Pristupljeno 10 August 2019. 
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  48. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. „Jielong-3 (Smart Dragon-3, SD 3)”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 9 December 2022. 
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  61. ↑ 61,0 61,1 61,2 61,3 61,4 61,5 Krebs, Gunter. „CZ-3 (Chang Zheng-3)”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 5 October 2021. 
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  63. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. „CZ-4C (Chang Zheng-4C)”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 16 August 2018. 
  64. ↑ 64,0 64,1 64,2 Qin, Xudong; Long, Lehao; Rong, Yi (April 2016). „我国航天运输系统成就与展望” [Achievements and prospects of China's space transportation system]. 深空探测学报 (Journal of Deep Space Exploration) (na jeziku: kineski). 3 (4): 315—322. doi:10.15982/j.issn.2095-7777.2016.04.003. Pristupljeno 28 August 2017. 
  65. ↑ 65,0 65,1 65,2 65,3 Krebs, Gunter. „CZ-5 (Chang Zheng-5)”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 24 August 2021. 
  66. ↑ 66,0 66,1 Jones, Andrew (14 February 2020). „China prepares to launch new rockets as part of push to boost space program”. space.com. Pristupljeno 14 February 2020. 
  67. ↑ Barbosa, Rui (19 September 2015). „China conducts debut launch of Long March 6”. NASASpaceFlight.com. Pristupljeno 2015-09-26. 
  68. ↑ 68,0 68,1 Krebs, Gunter. „CZ-6 (Chang Zheng-6)”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 5 October 2021. 
  69. ↑ „China conducts debut launch of Long March 6”. Xinhua Net. 29 March 2022. Pristupljeno 2022-04-14. 
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  99. ↑ 99,0 99,1 99,2 Krebs, Gunter. „Simorgh (Safir-2)”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 15 January 2019. 
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  115. ↑ „Kwangmyongsong 3, 3-2 (KMS 3, 3-2)”. 
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  129. ↑ „Firefly Beta”. Firefly Aerospace. Pristupljeno 18 January 2021. 
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  131. ↑ „Perigee Aerospace Inc.” (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2020-06-14. 
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  135. ↑ „LAUNCH SERVICES”. Independence-X Aerospace (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2022-12-29. 
  136. ↑ „LAUNCH”. Gilmour Space (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2021-05-29. 
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  138. ↑ Only the X00 version of the H3 is intended for LEO launches.[nije u datom izvoru] The higher capability X02 and X03 variants could presumably launch significantly more payload to LEO, but are not specified for this mission. Space Launch Report: H3 Data Sheet, retrieved 20 Feb. 2019/
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  147. ↑ „PLD Space, la ambición de lanzar satélites con cohetes reutilizables” [PLD Space, and the ambition to launch satellites with reusable rockets]. El País (na jeziku: španski). 11 August 2020. Pristupljeno 17 August 2020. 
  148. ↑ „JP Introducing Neutron”. YouTube. 2021-03-01. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2021-12-12. Pristupljeno 2021-03-01. 
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  150. ↑ Foust, Jeff (23 March 2022). „Vulcan Centaur on schedule for first launch in 2022 as New Glenn slips”. SpaceNews. Pristupljeno 24 March 2022. 
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  153. ↑ „About us”. Orbex. Pristupljeno 4 September 2018. »Orbex can accommodate a range of payload capacities between 100kg-220kg, to altitudes of between 200km-1250km.« 
  154. ↑ Foust, Jeff (18 July 2018). „Orbex stakes claim to European smallsat launch market”. SpaceNews. Pristupljeno 4 September 2018. 
  155. ↑ Foust, Jeff (2022-10-18). „Orbex raises Series C round”. SpaceNews (na jeziku: engleski). Pristupljeno 2022-10-19. 
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  159. ↑ „ABL Space Systems”. 
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  163. ↑ Zak, Anatoly (7 August 2017). „Preliminary design for Soyuz-5 races to completion”. Russian Space Web. Pristupljeno 2 September 2018. 
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  166. ↑ Foust, Jeff (30 October 2022). „Lunar landing restored for Artemis 4 mission”. SpaceNews. Pristupljeno 15 December 2022. 
  167. ↑ Creech, Stephen (April 2014). „NASA's Space Launch System: A Capability for Deep Space Exploration” (PDF). NASA. str. 2. Pristupljeno 4 September 2018. 
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  180. ↑ „ULA Sets Path Forward for Inaugural Vulcan Flight Test”. www.ulalaunch.com. Pristupljeno 2022-10-14. 
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  200. ↑ „Athena-2 (LLV-2 / LMLV-2)”. 
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  214. ↑ „GEOS 3”. 
  215. ↑ „1972 – 2616 – Flight Archive”. 
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  217. ↑ „Explorer: RAE B”. 
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  220. ↑ „Skynet 2A, 2B”. 
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  228. ↑ Clark, Stephen (30 December 2016). „Iridium satellites closed up for launch on Falcon 9 rocket”. Spaceflight Now. Pristupljeno 30 December 2016. »Russian officials have said they plan to discontinue Dnepr launches.« 
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  238. ↑ „JERS (Fuyo)”. 
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  255. ↑ „US-K (73D6)”. 
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  265. ↑ Korea, By Christoph Bluth,
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  268. ↑ „Proton”. Astronautix.com. Arhivirano iz originala na datum September 13, 2008. Pristupljeno 2013-11-04. 
  269. ↑ „Outcome Budget 2016–2017” (PDF). Government of India, Department of Space. 2016. Arhivirano iz originala (PDF) na datum 25. 06. 2017. Pristupljeno 15 September 2018. »Currently, two versions of PSLV are operational, namely PSLV-XL (with six extended version of Strap-on motors) and the PSLV Core-alone (without Strap-on motors).« 
  270. ↑ 270,0 270,1 Vance, Ashlee (3 February 2020). „A Small-Rocket Maker Is Running a Different Kind of Space Race”. Bloomberg News. Pristupljeno 3 February 2020. 
  271. ↑ „Astra cancels Rocket 3 to focus on larger vehicle”. SpaceNews (na jeziku: engleski). 2022-08-05. Pristupljeno 2022-08-12. 
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  273. ↑ 273,0 273,1 273,2 Krebs, Gunter. „Safir”. Gunter's Space Pages. Pristupljeno 2 March 2019. 
  274. ↑ astronautix.com, Saturn I Archived 2010-12-07 at the Wayback Machine.
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  276. ↑ Encyclopedia Astronautica, Saturn IB Archived 2011-05-14 at the Wayback Machine.
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  279. ↑ Thomas P. Stafford (1991), America at the Threshold – Report of the Synthesis Group on America's Space Exploration Initiative, str. 31 
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  282. ↑ John Duncan, Saturn V Flight History Archived 2011-08-05 at the Wayback Machine. (1999), web page (accessed 20 August 2010)
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  284. ↑ „Vysota / Volna / Shtil”. 
  285. ↑ 285,0 285,1 285,2 „Vysota / Volna / Shtil”. Pristupljeno 2014-12-23. 
  286. ↑ 286,0 286,1 286,2 „SLV-3”. Pristupljeno 13 February 2014. 
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  290. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. „Soyuz-L (11A511L)”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 20 December 2016. 
  291. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. „Soyuz-M (11A511M)”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 20 December 2016. 
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  294. ↑ „Soyuz 2 Launch Vehicle”. Russian Space Web. Pristupljeno 19 May 2015. 
  295. ↑ „Soyuz overview”. Arianespace. Pristupljeno 7 June 2018. 
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  298. ↑ Krebs, Gunter. „Soyuz-U2 (11A511U2)”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 20 December 2016. 
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  300. ↑ „SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM PAYLOADS”. Kennedy Space Center. 2000. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 17. 07. 2014. Pristupljeno 14 July 2014. 
  301. ↑ „NASA – Space Shuttle”. NASA. Pristupljeno 2012-07-25. 
  302. ↑ „Sputnik 2 (PS-2 #1)”. 
  303. ↑ „EROS B”. 
  304. ↑ „Start-1”. 
  305. ↑ „Strela launcher”. 
  306. ↑ „Strela”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 23 Dec 2014. 
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  313. ↑ astronautix.com, Titan IIIE Archived 2015-12-02 at the Wayback Machine.
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  316. ↑ 316,0 316,1 „Titan-4”. Space.skyrocket.de. Pristupljeno 2013-11-04. 
  317. ↑ 317,0 317,1 „Fact Sheet – Titan IVB”. United States Air Force. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 24. 02. 2011. Pristupljeno 2007-11-12. 
  318. ↑ astronautix.com, Tsyklon-2A Archived 2013-05-22 at the Wayback Machine.
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  320. ↑ astronautix.com, Tsyklon-2 Archived 2013-05-22 at the Wayback Machine.
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  322. ↑ nasaspaceflight.com, Tsyklon-3
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  324. ↑ astronautix.com, vanguard Archived 2002-05-06 at the Wayback Machine.
  325. ↑ „VLS”. 
  326. ↑ „IRDT 1, 2, 2R”. 
  327. ↑ Handbook of Space Engineering, Archaeology, and Heritage by Ann Darrin, Beth L. O'Leary, page 116
  328. ↑ „NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details”. 
  329. ↑ 329,0 329,1 „Spacecraft – Vostok”. 
  330. ↑ „Meteor-2 (11F632)”. 
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  333. ↑ 333,0 333,1 Krebs, Gunter. „Zenit-2”. Gunter's Space Pages. Pristupljeno 20 December 2016. 
  334. ↑ „Zenit launch vehicle”. Russianspaceweb.com. Pristupljeno 2013-11-04. 
  335. ↑ „Elektro-L 1, 2, 3”. 
  336. ↑ 336,0 336,1 336,2 336,3 336,4 Krebs, Gunter. „Zenit-3”. Gunter's Space Page. Pristupljeno 28 December 2017. 
  337. ↑ Jones, Andrew (2 August 2018). „Landspace of China to launch first rocket in Q4 2018”. SpaceNews. Pristupljeno 16 August 2018. 
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